设备应能至少每分钟测量血含量两次，连续测量时间至少60分钟。探头小巧并方便弯曲，准确度：设备必须能够衡量的范围为0 - 1.25毫升的血（稀释在大约15 - 30毫升的盐水中），精度要测准大约6µl的血（稀释在大约15 - 30毫升的盐水中）。 具体如下：https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933690 The Seeker desires a device to continuously and/or repeatedly measure the amount of blood in a volume of saline. The device should be capable of measuring at least twice per minute for at least 60 minutes. This is a Reduction-to-Practice Challenge that requires a written proposal, experimental proof-of-concept data, and prototype delivery if requested Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933690 Challenge Overview The Seeker is looking for a device to continuously measure blood content in a small volume of saline. Blood is introduced continuously through a thin, flexible probe placed in the container of saline and the device must be able to measure the overall blood content in the container at least twice per minute for at least 60 minutes. The device must be able to measure over the range of 0 – 1.25 ml of blood in approximately 15 – 30 ml of saline with an accuracy of approximately 6 µl of blood. Only minimal stirring is allowed, thus devices should not rely on an assumption of uniform mixing of the blood in the saline solution. The rate of blood introduction may vary significantly, and may start and stop numerous times. The submission to the Challenge should include the following: The detailed description of the proposed Solution addressing specific Solution Requirements presented in the Detailed Description of the Challenge. This description should be accompanied by a well-articulated rationale supported by literature/patent precedents. Experimental proof-of-concept data obtained as outlined in the Detailed Description of the Challenge (and delivery of a prototype if requested by the Seeker).

罕见癌症研究基金会(RCRF),致力于通过战略投资和创新合作进行基础治疗罕见的癌症,和美国文化募捐组织(ATCC),世界上最大的非营利性细胞株库,建立神经内分泌肿瘤细胞株收集目录。肠道良性肿瘤和胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤(PNET)需求一种新疗法的研究和发展，即在体内原发性肿瘤中建立新的细胞株。 为了刺激发展新的良性肿瘤和PNET细胞系,该基金会是高兴地宣布第二次开放竞争十个人奖项:开发人员的第一个新的细胞系在每个疾病(肠道良性肿瘤和PNET)将获得100000美元，开发者的第二,第三,第四,第五个新细胞系在每个疾病将会收到50000美元。原文如下：https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933756 The lack of well-validated and widely accepted cell lines derived from intestinal carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) is a significant barrier for research and development of new therapies. The Caring for Carcinoid Foundation therefore wishes to launch a second Challenge to stimulate a concerted effort to create a “collection” of well-characterized cell lines that faithfully replicate tumor characteristics and genetics. The Foundation has partnered with the Rare Cancer Research Foundation (RCRF), a foundation dedicated to curing rare cancers through strategic investments and innovative collaborations, and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), the world’s largest non-profit cell line repository, to establish a Neuroendocrine Tumor Cell Line collection in their catalog. This is a Reduction-to-Practice Challenge that requires written documentation, detailed description of each cell line, and sample delivery. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933756 Challenge Overview This Challenge is intended to encourage innovative approaches to establishing new cell lines from primary tumors that grow slowly in vivo and to publicize new methods as well as availability of the new cell lines for broad, unrestricted use. To stimulate development of new carcinoid and PNET cell lines, the Foundation is pleased to announce its second open competition for up to ten individual prizes: Developers of the first new cell lines in each disease (intestinal carcinoid and PNET) will receive $100,000 each and developers of the second, third, fourth, and fifth new cell lines in each disease will receive $50,000 each. Individual creators are eligible for one (the first cell line from either disease) or up to ten prizes (the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth cell lines from both diseases). To be eligible for the prize(s), the submitted cell lines must be: Approved by the Caring for Carcinoid Foundation, according to the criteria specified in the Detailed Description & Requirements, and Deposited into the ATCC repository for unrestricted distribution to qualified investigators under an agreement approved by the Caring for Carcinoid Foundation. Discover how to submit your cell lines in the Detailed Description & Requirements of the Challenge.

肝脏疾病是一种由病毒或有毒物连续侵害造成肝脏晚期纤维化的慢性疾病。目前，我们的治疗方法很有限，寻找治疗方法的大多数临床试验都失败了，部分原因是由于缺乏预测肝脏疾病发展的生物标志物。公司需要寻找一种新的生物标志物，对提高疾病的可控性会有很大的帮助，定期监测生物标志物也可以促进临床试验治疗药物的进一步发展。 具体可以查看https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933671 Challenge Overview Liver disease represents a worldwide unmet medical need. Although there are various causes, the danger is that the liver will become so damaged that it can no longer function adequately. Whether the insult is a viral infection, chemical injury, or immune-related, liver disease follows a slow and steady progression. Early stage liver disease is characterized by inflammation, which if left untreated, can cause scarring and fibrosis. A healthy liver is capable of repair and regeneration, but when there are architectural changes to the tissue, the damage can no longer be reversed. Biopsies are routinely conducted to diagnose liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Undergoing this invasive procedure involves significant abdominal pain along with the risk for complications and sampling error. Therefore, many patients are reluctant to have a second biopsy even when it is medically advisable. The Seeker desires a specific and sensitive biomarker(s) that is highly associated with liver fibrosis and could be used as a surrogate for clinical efficacy and ideally, could guide treatment selection. Submissions to this Challenge must be received by 11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on August 17, 2015. Late submissions will not be considered. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, Solvers will not be required to transfer their exclusive IP rights to the Seeker. Instead, as further described in the Challenge-Specific Agreement, Solvers will grant to the Seeker a one hundred and eighty (180)-day Exclusivity Period from the deadline [11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on August 17, 2015] for a non-exclusive license to practice their solutions for review, analysis and testing of the Proposed Solutions, an option for the grant of a further non-exclusive license, and an exclusive option to negotiate in good faith the terms of an exclusive license.

不能控制其发作的癫痫猝死（SUDEP）是导致年轻人死亡的主要原因。每年超过千分之一的癫痫患者死于猝死，如果是不受控制的癫痫发作，风险会增加一百五十分之一。一种普遍恐惧的意识和持续受到的歧视导致太多的人隐藏自己的癫痫病情而没有接受持续治疗或寻求更有效的治疗方法。这增加了他们癫痫猝死的风险 癫痫基金会帮助机构决心改变这种状况，开展一个创意的宣传活动，鼓励人们寻求最佳的癫痫发作和癫痫发作控制和教育他们自己和他们的家庭以及他们如何可以减轻癫痫猝死的风险。此外，这个活动应该邀请更广泛的医疗保健社区讨论SUDEP，明白不接受持续发作的重要性，并寻找一种更有效的治疗方法。具体（https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933717）如下 TAGS: Global Health, Business/Entrepreneurship, Life Sciences, Scientific American, Ideation AWARD: $15,000 USD | DEADLINE: 7/13/15 | ACTIVE SOLVERS: 12 | POSTED: 6/09/15 Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in young adults who have epilepsy and cannot control their seizures. Each year, more than 1 out of 1,000 people with epilepsy die from SUDEP, and, if seizures are uncontrolled, the risk increases to more than 1 out of 150. A widespread lack of awareness and ongoing fear and discrimination lead too many individuals to hide their epilepsy and to accept ongoing seizures instead of seeking out more effective treatments. This increases their risk of SUDEP. The Epilepsy Foundation SUDEP Institute is determined to change this and is challenging Solvers to come up with ideas for a creative advocacy campaign that encourages people with seizures and epilepsy to seek optimal seizure control and to educate themselves and their families about SUDEP and how they can mitigate its risks. In addition, the campaign should invite the broader health care community to talk about SUDEP, understand the importance of not accepting ongoing seizures, and pursue all effective treatment options. Can you help us to demystify seizures and epilepsy, and empower people with epilepsy? This is an Ideation Challenge with a guaranteed award for at least one submitted solution.

阿斯利康提出需求：在大多数的慢性肾脏疾病的情况下有关肾小球滤过屏障功能受损的研究。缺少良好的肾小球体外模型，就不能在细胞学和病理学的范畴详细理解肾小球的功能。 阿斯利康正在寻找方法来开发一个肾小球模型系统。理想情况下,体外模型应该包含一个独立的微型药学单元，有适当的介质，流体流动和所受压力。可以调整模拟体内黏膜所需条件属性，最终建立形成一个功能肾小球滤过屏障。 具体看下面内容： https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933748The majority of all cases of chronic kidney disease, a key research area within AstraZeneca, originate in the glomerulus when filtration barrier function is compromised. However, a detailed cellular understanding of the functioning and pathology of the glomerulus has been limited by the lack of good in vitro models of glomerular function. AstraZeneca is looking for approaches to develop a glomerular model system. Ideally, the in vitro model should incorporate a self-contained microphysiological unit where biologically appropriate media, fluid flow and shear stress can be modulated to simulate in vivo properties that will ultimately recapitulate the conditions necessary for endothelial and podocyte cell types to form a functional glomerular filtration barrier. This is an ideation challenge and only requires a written solution. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933748 Challenge Overview The majority of all cases of chronic kidney disease, a key research area within AstraZeneca, originate in the glomerulus when filtration barrier is compromised. The coordinated efforts of the podocytes and endothelium together with their underlying basement membrane establish the glomerular filtration barrier and injury to these cells can lead to loss of kidney function. There are currently no human in vitro models that mimic a functional or diseased glomerulus. Development of a human glomerular filtration barrier biomimetic system will thus address gaps in in vitro models for simulating human kidney disease, toxicity and DMPK. We are looking for innovative approaches to developing a glomerular model that incorporates a self-contained microphysiological unit, ideally including podocytes, the endothelium, and where biologically appropriate media, fluid flow, and shear stress can be modulated to simulate in vivo properties that will ultimately recapitulate the structural and cellular conditions necessary for glomerular function. ABOUT THE SEEKER AstraZeneca is a global, research-based, biopharmaceutical company with a focus on five key therapeutic areas: 1) cardiovascular & metabolic diseases, 2) oncology, 3) respiratory, inflammation & autoimmunity, 4) neuroscience, and 5) infection. As an innovation-driven, research organization, AstraZeneca recognizes that great ideas come from many sources. Open innovation is an avenue by which ideas can be shared and AstraZeneca recently launched a pavilion to further its commitment to facilitate the advancement of pharmaceutical research.

肾近端小管是肾单位的一部分(肾脏的功能部件)，是人体高专属性参与重吸收和排泄各种物质（包括盐和矿物质）的器官，盐和矿物质的重吸收对身体是非常重要的，否则会失去在尿液中。此外，肾近端小管对许多药物的处理也是至关重要的，所谓的外源性物质,来自外面的身体和环境(如许多人造物质,包括潜在的毒素)。然而,没有好的体外模型可以描述和模仿肾近端小管的功能。建立肾近端小管一个有力的模型是非常必要的，特别是在肾近端小管在药物的相互影响方面有至关重要的作用，因为它是会由于药物毒性和药物之间的作用而非常容易受到伤害导致肾脏疾病。在体外开发肾近端小管模型的系统可以帮助填补肾脏疾病研究中药物毒性和药物处理方面的一些空白。 具体看 https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933749 The proximal tubule, a part of the kidney nephron (the functional unit of the kidney), has highly specialized properties to do with the salvage and excretion of various compounds, salts and minerals that are very important to the body and would otherwise be lost in the urine. In addition, the proximal tubule is essential for the handling of many drugs and so-called xenobiotics that come from outside the body and from the environment (e.g., many artificial substances, including potential toxins). However, there are no good human models in vitro that can recapitulate and reproduce the function of the proximal tubule. A robust model for the proximal tubule is needed, especially since the proximal tubule has an essential role in drug clearance, because it is highly susceptible to damage in many kidney diseases, and it is also a target for drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity. Development of a proximal tubule model system in vitro could help to address some of the gaps in laboratory models for the study of kidney disease, toxicity, and drug handling. AstraZeneca is seeking innovative approaches to developing a model system of the proximal tubule in vitro. Ideally, the model should incorporate a self-contained microphysiological unit in which biologically appropriate media, fluid flow, and shear stress can be modulated to reproduce the properties of the proximal tubule in vivo and ultimately recapitulate the structural and cellular conditions necessary for integrated proximal tubular function. This is an ideation challenge and only requires a written solution. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933749 Challenge Overview Currently, there are no good human in vitro models that reflect the function of the intact mammalian proximal tubule, which reabsorbs filtered sodium and water, but also has specific mechanisms for reabsorption of glucose, low molecular weight proteins, amino acids, urate and phosphate, as well as the handling of weak acids and bases, and xenobiotics, including many drugs. The proximal tubule can be severely affected in kidney injury and disease, and is also a target for drug-drug interactions and drug toxicity. Development of a proximal tubule model system, as opposed to another ‘simple’ cell culture monolayer, could address some of the gaps in suitable models in vitro for studying kidney disease, drug toxicity, and DMPK. AstraZeneca is seeking innovative approaches to developing a model system of the proximal tubule in vitro. Ideally, the model should incorporate a self-contained microphysiological unit in which biologically appropriate media, fluid flow, and shear stress can be modulated to reproduce the properties of the proximal tubule in vivo and ultimately recapitulate the structural and cellular conditions necessary for integrated proximal tubular function. ABOUT THE SEEKER AstraZeneca is a global, research-based, biopharmaceutical company with a focus on five key therapeutic areas: 1) cardiovascular & metabolic diseases, 2) oncology, 3) respiratory, inflammation & autoimmunity, 4) neuroscience, and 5) infection. As an innovation-driven, research organization, AstraZeneca recognizes that great ideas come from many sources. Open innovation is an avenue by which ideas can be shared and AstraZeneca recently launched a pavilion to further its commitment to facilitate the advancement of pharmaceutical research.

厂方需要一种“强化干燥系统”,必须是一个改进的灭菌工艺，即通过优化干燥时间，从而减少整个过程时间。“强化干燥系统”的另一个重要目标是：无菌容器总是处在完全干燥的灭菌过程中，确保灭菌的可靠性和安全性。 具体如下：https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933714 The Challenge is to come up with an “Enhanced Drying System” that will improve a sterilization process by optimizing the drying time and thus reducing the overall process time. Another important goal for the “Enhanced Drying System” is to ensure, that the sterile containers always get completely dry in the sterilization process and to increases the perceived reliability and safety of the sterilization process. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933714 Challenge Overview Steam sterilized containers of instruments sometimes contain visible moisture upon opening even after an extended drying cycle. Although the liquid does not compromise the sterile barrier, its appearance causes doubts about sterilization and leads to repeat sterilizations costing time and money. The Challenge is to remove liquid moisture from the container during or after the sterilization process without extending the drying cycle time economically. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. Solutions which are simple, practicable and have a low implementation cost are highly preferred. To receive an award, the Solvers will have to transfer to the Seeker their exclusive Intellectual Property (IP) rights to the solution.

基因治疗的概念出现在几十年前,当研究人员推测,人类疾病可以通过精确使用一种技术引入外来DNA来解决遗传缺陷和疾病症状。近年来，基因治疗的进步已经涉足治疗遗传疾病，癌症，神经退行性疾病等各领域。遗传性疾病如色素性视网膜炎等少数眼部疾病的基因也可以如此治疗。公司征集一种在人类眼部组织定性和定量(半)测量体内基因表达的方法。 具体如下https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933643 The concept of gene therapy arose decades ago, when researchers postulated that human diseases could be treated by using a technique to introduce foreign DNA to correct genetic defects and disease phenotypes. In recent years, advances in gene therapy have been documented in the treatment of genetic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inherited diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa are among a handful of ocular diseases that are amenable to gene therapy. The Seeker desires solutions that will both qualitatively and (semi-) quantitatively measure in vivo gene expression in human ocular tissues. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933643 Challenge Overview The number of clinical trials for gene therapy to treat ocular disorders is on the rise. Inherited diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa among others are thought to be good candidates for targeted treatment. Currently, there is no method in humans to determine the level or geographic location of transgene expression following administration of gene therapy for diseases of the eye, specifically the retina. The Seeker desires solutions that will both qualitatively and (semi-) quantitatively measure in vivo gene expression in human ocular tissues. Submissions to this Challenge must be received by 11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on June 20, 2015. Late submissions will not be considered. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, Solvers will not be required to transfer their exclusive IP rights to the Seeker. Instead, Solvers will grant to the Seeker a non-exclusive license to practice their solutions as further described in the Terms of Use. In addition, the Seeker will be granted with a one hundred eighty (180) day Exclusive Option period from the deadline (i.e. from the day following the end of the Posting Period) during which they hold an exclusive option to negotiate in good faith with the Solver terms of an exclusive license on the Solution IP. The Exclusive Option period may be extended by mutual written agreement of the Seeker and Solver.

我们体内以分泌胰岛素来维持胰岛细胞血糖水平和体内平衡。而糖尿病患者的胰岛细胞是缺乏或无效的。没有足够活性的胰岛素，糖尿病患者就无法控制血糖。胰岛移植是一种治疗策略,糖尿病患者需要胰岛素注射来控制他们的疾病，减轻或根除症状。阿斯利康正在寻找一个简单的装置将人类胰岛移植出来，来检测药物的性能。 具体如下网站，https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933735 Pancreatic islet beta-cells sense blood sugar levels and secrete insulin to maintain homeostasis. In patients with diabetes, islet beta-cells are either lacking or ineffective. Islet transplantation is a treatment strategy that allows diabetics to reduce or eliminate the need for insulin injections to control their disease. AstraZeneca is searching for a simple device to transplant human islets to facilitate testing of therapeutic agents. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933735 Challenge Overview Diabetes is a disease of the pancreatic islet cells. Of the four cell types, insulin-producing beta-cells are the most abundant. Without adequate levels of insulin, diabetes patients have difficulty controlling their blood sugar. One alternative to self-administration of medicine is islet transplantation. The procedure involves an infusion of isolated donor islets into the patient. If the graft is accepted, these islets will function to regulate blood glucose levels through the production of insulin. AstraZeneca is searching for a simple device for the transplantation and subsequent retrieval of human islets to support in vivo testing of therapeutic agents. ABOUT THE SEEKER AstraZeneca is a global, research-based, biopharmaceutical company with a focus on five key therapeutic areas: 1) cardiovascular & metabolic diseases, 2) oncology, 3) respiratory, inflammation & autoimmunity, 4) neuroscience, and 5) infection. As an innovation-driven, research organization, AstraZeneca recognizes that great ideas come from many sources. Open innovation is an avenue by which ideas can be shared and AstraZeneca recently launched a pavilion to further its commitment to facilitate the advancement of pharmaceutical research. Submissions to this Challenge must be received by 11:59 PM (US Eastern Time) on June 16, 2015. Late submissions will not be considered. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, Solvers will not be required to transfer their exclusive IP rights to the Seeker. Instead, Solvers will grant to the Seeker a non-exclusive license to practice their solutions

我们需要设计自动崩解控制器用于靶向给药。自动崩解控制器，一旦触发，应该可以在温和条件(生理)下使药物分子的释放并激活。这个我们可以参考数量有限的文献中描述“self-immolative”（自动分解或自毁）连接器，但我们提出的自动崩解控制器不是这样的装置。具体链接为https://www.innocentive.com/ar/challenge/9933733，具体如下： Design of A Self-Cleaving Linker For Targeted Drug Delivery TAGS: Physical Sciences, Novel Molecules, Chemistry, Life Sciences, Theoretical-IP Transfer AWARD: $25,000 USD | DEADLINE: 4/27/15 | ACTIVE SOLVERS: 165 | POSTED: 3/26/15 The Seeker desires the design of a novel self-cleaving linker for use in targeted drug delivery. The self-cleaving linker, once triggered, should allow for the release of molecule(s) of interest under mild (physiological) conditions. A limited number of “self-immolative” linkers are well described in the literature and are specifically excluded from this Challenge. The Seeker specifically encourages synthetic chemists to consider this Challenge even if they do not have medicinal chemistry knowledge. This Challenge requires only a written proposal. Source: InnoCentive Challenge ID: 9933733 Challenge Overview The Seeker desires the design of a novel self-cleaving linker for use in targeted drug delivery. The self-cleaving linker, once triggered, should allow for the release of molecule(s) of interest under mild (physiological) conditions. A limited number of such “self-immolative” linkers, based upon an elimination to generate a quinone methide, or utilizing a 5 or 6 member ring cyclization, are well described in the literature and are specifically excluded from this Challenge. The Seeker specifically encourages synthetic chemists to consider this Challenge even if they do not have medicinal chemistry knowledge. This is a Theoretical Challenge that requires only a written proposal to be submitted. The Challenge award will be contingent upon theoretical evaluation of the proposal by the Seeker. To receive an award, the Solvers will have to transfer to the Seeker their exclusive Intellectual Property (IP) rights to the solution.